Newly recognized functions of monoaminergic hormones: protein monoaminylation

After the finalization of the human genome project, investigations into the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome have been largely increased, since their concurrence determines the functionality of genes. In this context, recent mechanistic discoveries have induced a kind of “paradigm shift” regarding the mode of action of hormones and widened our understanding of these compounds in cell and gene regulation, particularly when involved in human diseases.